Juvenile Delinquency Is A Great Issue Essay - 1462 Words

Juvenile delinquency has become a great issue in this country. The reasons for delinquency are many, yet the fixes to the delinquency problem are few. Not enough is being done for the youth of this country to rehabilitate, deter, or change the way the youth acts. There isn’t enough communication or interaction between the key stakeholders that can help prevent juvenile delinquency. For the longest time juvenile delinquency has been increasing despite any efforts put forth by lawmakers to deter this. In fact, too many practices in juvenile corrections do not deter future criminal behavior, provide ineffective treatment, and are not associated with lower rates of recidivism. Reactive solutions, such as building more prisons or adding more beds in existing facilities to accommodate those affected by â€Å"get tough on juveniles† policies, are not only less effective, but also cost more than proactive approaches such as preventing crime and providing educational supports to offenders and their families, or to those individuals considered to be at risk of offending (Leone, Quinn Osher, 2002). The fact is that parents, schools, the juvenile courts, and the service providers for those that enter the juvenile justice system or those that are at-risk of becoming a part of the system need to work together to help the lost juvenile. Each of these entities has a different role in the lives of the juvenile, but each is perpetually important. The stakeholders need to take hold of their dutyShow MoreRelatedUnique Juvenile Situations Faced by Correctional Officers1315 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: UNIQUE SITUATIONS WHEN DEALING WITH JUVENILES Unique Situations When Dealing With Juveniles Corrections Professor Sunshine Richards Juvenile crime rates have been a main concern for law enforcement officials throughout the past several decades. â€Å"Over the past several decades, the number of juvenile arrests have been relatively stable except for increases in juvenile violent crime, as murder arrests for juvenile offenders increased by 93 percent during the 1980s and arrestsRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreCauses and Solution of Juvenile Delinquency in America Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesevery year the FBI arrests more than 3300 young adults under the age of 18† (Khan).Juvenile delinquency can be caused by the influence gangs,bullying, and bad parenting. This topic caught my attention because there a lot of kids getting arrested each year for crimes committed and kids getting involved in gangs, also kids getting access to weapons,drugs, or getting bully by other people. However juvenile delinqu ency can be prevented by offering bullying prevention, violence prevention curriculumsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The Common Poor Parenting, Socioeconomic Status And Peer Pressure Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency is one of the most complex, interesting and challenging phenomena in Trinidad and Tobago. In recent years there have been a high proportion of juvenile males being arrested and remanded at the nation’s youth facilities. In 2013, 106 young males were sent to the Youth Training Centre (YTC), for various offences, (Ministry of Justice, 2013). Among these, 25% were arrested for murder, 16% for possession of drugs, 14% for robbery, 3% for breaching of school rules and 6% were beyondRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The United States1458 Words   |  6 Pages Juvenile Delinquency in the United States We live in a world where there is a great deal of investment allotted to our children and our culture tend to be overprotective of our youth. Rightfully so, our younger citizens are considered the building blocks of our nation and the carriers of our legacy in the future. But in spite of stringent laws that seem to protect our youth, other factors such as race, poverty, and environment are catalysts for delinquent youth behavior. Juvenile crime isRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Female Delinquency1253 Words   |  6 Pagestheories. A major theory used to explain female delinquency is the general strain theory (GST). According to Bartollas, â€Å"GST explains female delinquency by contending that many females experience harsh discipline, parental rejection, peer abuse, negative secondary school experience, homelessness, and a strong need for money;† these strains can cause females to cope through delinquent behavior (73). The social learning theory also explains female de linquency as â€Å"some females tend to associate with othersRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency in the United States1585 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Crime Statistics Wendy R Swartz Keiser University Abstract: In this document, the topic of juvenile delinquency in the United States is thoroughly examined. Approximately 1.5 million minors (those are citizens who are under the age of 18) are arrested for criminal activity each year in the US. These juveniles are arrested for a variety of crimes; everything from petty vandalism and loitering to prostitution, drug dealing, and even murder. Of these, 70% of offenders will be tried andRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System1299 Words   |  6 Pagesdedicated his life to troubled juveniles once said, â€Å"I believe that the kids who are labeled â€Å"good† are children who know how to solve their problems and manage their behavior and social life, and the kids who are labeled â€Å"bad† are kids who don’t know how to solve those problems.† Every day, kids are committing illegal acts of varying severity. Some are involved in petty robberies, others involved in murders and rape. These juveniles be come the responsibility of the juvenile justice system which is taskedRead MoreFamily Structure And Juvenile Delinquency1671 Words   |  7 Pagescrime is mostly known as juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is defined as young adults, people under eighteen, braking or violating the law (Websters). Family structure can affect juvenile delinquency in numerous ways. Family structure can include family support system, home environment, and family unity. The independent variable is family structure and the dependent variable is juvenile delinquency. Home environment plays a role in the production of juvenile delinquency. Kierkus and HewittRead MoreCrime Prevention Programs And Juvenile Delinquency1378 Words   |  6 PagesPrevention Programs Juvenile Delinquency Jenna Moffitt American Military University Professor Parkinson CMRJ295 November 29, 2015 Crime Prevention Programs Juvenile Delinquency Crime is the one constant thing in our country that will always be around. For decades we have enhanced our technology, changed our laws, put away criminals, but crime still, and will always exist. Crime prevention programs are put into place to help prevent juveniles and adults from continuing

Essay on Beyond Suffrage A Book Review - 840 Words

The book, Beyond Suffrage; Women in the New Deal, presents the role of women in the 1930’s in a much different light than many people think of it. The goal of this book is to enlighten the reader as to what role women played in politics during the New Deal. Because of it’s broad view I have taken several specific examples from the book and elaborated on them in order to give you a better understanding. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The author, Susan Ware, begins by laying the groundwork for the women’s network. During the 1930’s, many different organizations began to evolve to include women in their decision-making. The backbone to this movement seems to lie deep within the White House. The First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt, held a great†¦show more content†¦Dewson’s attitude was often misunderstood as she â€Å"overlooked† minor jobs such as secretaries and stenographers, in order to focus on the big picture of women being involved in New Deal programs. Dewson’s role in keeping the women of the Democratic party pacified by small jobs and honorary positions kept these women’s spirits strong. By keeping these spirits strong, women were better prepared to get involved with the areas of social reform that they truly cared about. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the New Deal, there were many areas regarding social welfare that women were involved and played a critical role in. One specific leap for women was their involvement in the National Recovery Administration. It seems that, there was a wide variety in the roles women played in the NRA. Rose Schneiderman served on the Labor Advisory Board, and by doing so opened many doors to work with other women’s organizations in efforts to sway the legislation towards women’s rights. Eventually their hard work contributed to improved labor standards and higher minimum wages for women in the workplace. Although the role of women in the NRA was a major part of their involvement in the New Deal, these women were also involved in many other areas such as social security, the Civil Works Administration, and the Consumers League. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Winding down,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Beyond Suffrage: a Book Review861 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, Beyond Suffrage; Women in the New Deal, presents the role of women in the 1930s in a much different light than many people think of it. The goal of this book is to enlighten the reader as to what role women played in politics during the New Deal. Because of its broad view I have taken several specific examples from the book and elaborated on them in order to give you a better understanding. The author, Susan Ware, begins by laying the groundwork for the womens network. DuringRead MoreSusan E. 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She realized that this was a problem of society and openly voiced her opinions on the matter. She wrote the book A Vindication of the Rights of Women in response to a literary response to the societys so-calledRead MoreDr. Abbott And Social Welfare History1128 Words   |  5 Pagesthe second child of four, in Grand Island, Nebraska. Edith’s mother, Elizabeth, heavily influenced Edith’s active role in the rightful treatment of others, as her mother was both a feminist and an abolitionist. Edith’s political affiliation was pro-suffrage for woman and republican. Her family were Quakers, as was her mother, Elizabeth. Elizabeth played a crucial role in women’s higher education an d also, graduated from Rockford Seminary in 1868 (Women s Intellectual Contributions, n.d.). Edith’s fatherRead MoreEconomic Analysis of Title Ix1432 Words   |  6 Pagesvote. However, in the United States, ever since women’s suffrage, all women’s rights have been increasing steadily. 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On the contrast, the prominence of Clinton was symbolized by her previous position as the leader of theRead More The Scope of Woolf’s Feminism in A Room of One’s Own Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesintention in writing A Room of One’s Own may have actually been to create a work that lay somewhere in between these two extremes. In one of the earliest reviews of A Room of One’s Own, British novelist Arnold Bennett addressed the question of feminism in the essay and concluded that Woolf was not writing from a feminist perspective. â€Å"It is a book a little about men and a great deal about women. But it is not ‘feminist.’ It is non-partisan,† Bennett declared. In Describing Woolf’s perspective as

Analysis of Samsung Marketing and Brand Strategies Free Essays

Introduction: In this report we have evaluated the literature and actual brand strategies used by Samsung. Samsung Electronics Company is worldwide leading consumer electronics brands which have very high opponents in the same business field like HTC, Sony, Panasonic, and Nokia. With the help of its creative products and services it is attracting lot of customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Samsung Marketing and Brand Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was founded in 1938 by Lee Byung-chull as a trading company. In 1969 it establish and developed the different business to electronic market that make Samsung flourish into the world’s leading electronic brand. Samsung became the leading electronic manufacturers in Korea by catering to the international market. It makes Samsung to be a champion to international market with high-tech products. Later on in 1993 Samsung became the world’s best popular because of joined into the LCD industry. Samsung set up its branding strategy by Chairman Kun Lee who planned to originate universal program to make Samsung to be an international brand in 1996. For increasing its brand awareness in the world, Samsung paid budget to the investment in marketing and branding and it’s about US 3 billion. (Business Week,2006) In addition, Samsung has spend lot of money in sports for its brand image for example, for sponsoring in Olympic Games Sydney 2000, In Athens 2004 Olympic Games furthermore, Samsung also supported tools and distributed 14,000 cell phones during the games. Afterwards, Samsung has joined Yahoo Company in strategic marketing. In 2001, Samsung is to be voted to the number one in 100 brands by Business Week. To highlight on its brand awareness, Samsung encourage the official sponsor of Chelsea, the popular English Premier League football club in 2005. To continue to increase perception of brand Samsung became the official sponsor of 2010 Guangzhou Asian Game. MEANING OF BRAND Brand is the identity of a product, sign, symbol or design and how it describes to key points like customers, staff and partners etc. Main goals which a good brand includes: Conveys the message purely. Convince the buyer. Confirms credibility For success in branding we have to concentrates on requirements and needs of customers. With the help of branding we can convince the customers to great extent. Strategies of Branding Developing a brand strategy can be one of the most challenging steps in marketing plan process. It plays a vital role in creation of company’s identity. Brand Image of Samsung Brand imaging is an essential tactic for company’s marketing plan and consumer behavior research (Dobni Zinkhan, 1990). A clear image of a brand enables consumers to know about the brand, use the brand, and talk about the brand. All these factors are beneficial for the brand in identifying it from any rivals in the market. Good brand image strategies can lead to a good brand performance (Roth, 1995). Brand image has three components: Product Attributes Customer’s benefit Brand Personality Samsung Logo: The first expansion of brand image of Samsung Electronics Company was started in 1993. Samsung Electronics Company has driven into a new corporate identity by changing its logo from the basic black bold type letters of the word Samsung with red star signs at the side into white Samsung word on a blue color background (Spaeth, 2007). The blue background was designed to be an elliptical shape which gives an impression of modernization and advance. It is determined to agree that Samsung has succeeded in the development of its brand logo. Gardner and Levy (1955, as cited in Park, Jaworski, Maclnnis, 1986) once stated that the brand will be successful in a long term could depend on a company’s strategies of choosing a brand image and to maintain the image over time. Samsung has clearly proved that it has driven on the right track as the brand is now widely well known around the world with its reputation of global electronics brand Character: Its character obviously describes that it is a strong brand approximately innovation, cutting edge technology and world class design. To clear its brand image, it reinforces Samsung’s strong connection to the brand community to customer; besides, it reinforces its brand image of always being in leading position of innovation and design. (Martin Roll,2006.The global bestseller Asian Brand Strategy (â€Å"Best Business Books 2006† by Strategy Business magazine) Another powerful development of brand image of Samsung was to design an impression of the brand with global sport events. Samsung became the official sponsor of the wireless technology in the Olympics when Seoul was hosted in 1998. By representing its brand into sport events, the brand will be greatly notice by lot of consumers. Nowadays also Samsung is using the same strategy. Samsung has decided to become an official sponsor for Chelsea football club since 2005/6 season and it was the second largest sponsorship signed by Samsung since the Olympics Games (Jones, 2005). By doing this Samsung logo is now appearing on every shirt of Chelsea players and it can be seen as an impressive way to maintain image of the brand. Slogan of Samsung: In this year, Samsung informed its all-new brand slogan â€Å"Turn on tomorrow†, to chase of a better future. This new slogan started from mid of July a series of promotions was showed to every customer to improve Samsung’s new brand strategy. Country of Origin Samsung has been involved to promote the country image of South Korea since Seoul Olympics in 1988 (Nebenzahl and Jaffe, 1991). The company image has to focus on the â€Å"country-of-origin† known as COO which is highlighted the impact of purchase behaviors (Martin and Eroglu, 1993). The perceptions of consumers on Korean products as overall image are still not considered as â€Å"high quality products† but known as a â€Å"good value products† (Nebenzahl and Jaffe, 1991). Marketing Strategy Samsung mission is to continue to become a world’s leader of digital convergence with the number one market share of most products segments. ( Ilse Jurrien, 2005). Samsung ambition is to boost sale volume in every segments of product. In addition, Samsung objective is to stand on top of the world ranging electronic market; accordingly, it has team which is named as â€Å"Global marketing team†. This team separated from another part and divided in to three layers that are: Product strategy team Marketing strategy team Regional strategy team. Product strategy team In Product strategy team managing market research , collection the information and analysis data of competitors in daily task. Marketing strategy team Marketing Strategy team’s main responsibility is to expand global marketing strategy for example to present the core message that Samsung want to communicate to customer and every promotional activities to international-wise. Regional strategy team Regional strategy team’s main job is to move the task from Marketing strategy team and managing to different regional. One attempt that appropriate in the United States does not mean that it would success in other countries. Regional Strategy team’s duty is to recover strategy concerning in regional demographics. Market Driven Change In earlier days Samsung’s attempt was promoting in own way that resulted in confuse information and obscurity brand image that make consumer confused in company. Afterwards, the blockbuster launched movie called â€Å"The Matrix† and Samsung have the opinion of that it was a perfect time to improve brand image under slogan â€Å"Digital All-Everyone’s Invited†. Moreover, Samsung choose to corporate with Warner Brother for product placement at â€Å"The Matrix†. Samsung’s important place on customer’s insight to new product development method. (Kinda,2008) Target Market Samsung has changed and emphasizes on the high-end target group and business which means Samsung spend budget to promotional in niche market like the main competitor’s Sony. That directly affects the brand image in high-class value and to certify higher margins and efficiency. (Business weekly,2002) Market Shares Product Samsung’s global M/S Competitors M/S Year Source DRAM 40.4% Hynix 19.8% Q32010 [69] NAND Flash 40.4% Toshiba 33.1% Q22010 [70] Large-size LCD Panel (revenue) 26.0% LG Display 25.9% Q32010 [71] Active-Matrix OLED 97% LG Display, AUO 1~3% 2010 [72] Lithium-ion battery 18.7% Sanyo 19.4% Q12010 [73] LCD Monitor 18.0% Dell 12.8% 2009 [74] Hard disk drive 9% Seagate Technology 31% Q42009 [75] Television sets (LDC, PDP, CRT, LED) 17.2% LG Electronics 14.8% Q32009 [76] Mobile phone 21.0% Nokia 32.4% Q32010 [77] Digital camera 11.8% Sony 17.4% 2010 [78] Meaning of Brand Value The success of brand is the goal pursued of companies whose attempting to lead the market. Brand value is one of significant criteria that enhance branding of the company. The uniqueness of the brand is influenced consumers in both directly and indirectly, hereby improving the company value (Melewar and Karaosmanoglu, 2006). The strong and successful brand was able to dominate and persuade decision making of consumers. Samsung ranks 19th in the Top 100 Global brands in 2009 to 2010. That shows Samsung brand value up 11 percent from year earlier, according to annual report by global branding inter brand. The reason for this success is Samsung approach to develop in marketing strategy for different regions; moreover, to increase in perspective in brand, Samsung sponsored in Olympic Games and other sports such as sponsor Chelsea Football League in England, sponsored Texas motors speedway. (Interbrand,2010) The growth of Samsung’s brand value is always put main emphasis to response demand and approach to experience in customers. Moreover the company focused on every detail of their brands, develop products, cohesive identities compatible in every products, every market round the world and every communicate to customers.(Business Week,2008) To expand an integrated method to endeavors, the context of brand has to change to adopt culture, expertise and organizational systems include products, if senior management is using these assets and ability effectively (Doyle, 1998) Strategies adopted by Samsung: Creating Identity of the Brand. Reaction from rival’s Cost involved in repositioning of brand Research and development Best global brands of 2010 16 16 France Luxury 21,860 4% 17 20 United States Electronics 21,143 37% 18 17 United States Tobacco 19,961 5% 19 19 South Korea Electronics 19,491 11% 20 18 Japan Automotive 18,506 4% 21 21 Sweden Apparel 16,136 5% 22 24 United States Business Services 14,881 9% 23 23 United States Beverages 14,061 3% 24 22 United States Financial Services 13,944 -7% 25 26 United States Sporting Goods 13,706 4% 26 27 Germany Business Services 12,756 5% 27 25 Switzerland Beverages 12,753 -4% 28 28 Sweden Home Furnishings 12,487 4% 29 37 United States Financial Services 12,314 29% 30 30 United States Alcohol 12,252 4% 31 31 United States Transportation 11,826 2% 32 32 United Kingdom Financial Services 11,561 10% 33 33 Japan Electronics 11,485 10% 34 29 Japan Electronics 11,356 -5% 35 34 United States FMCG 11,041 6% According to the table of Brand Value in Global brands in 2010, Samsung was stable in rank 19th in last year and current that show it can manage marketing strategy in good brand value in crisis economic situation. In term of Sony the main competitor, in the chart of Brand Value showed it rank is up from 34th to 29th in 2010 ;nevertheless, Sony still stay behind of Samsung. And in Change of value Sony is -5percent and Samsung is 11 percent. The reason of achievement to be in global brand of Samsung are many strategy that company chosen; for example, Samsung considered to customer experience that make it placed 2nd after Coca-Cola sponsorship in Olympic Games. Samsung assemble the organization for brand building and the key of brand building is employees and consumers. The employees received the emotional benefits from pride in being associated with the sponsorship and direct connection to the Olympic activities. In term of consumers, Samsung provided a new experience to the customers; for instance as a part of Samsung’s brand proximity program it put up in Olympic [email protected] Samsung, The Athens Olympic Sports Complex located in a 1,064 square meter entertainment complex which was a central company place for athlete, their families and viewer coming to the Games. The [email protected] give a wide range of activities; for example, the customers were received the opportunity to try out Samsung’s revolu tionary products by themselves. Brand Position In term of Samsung company has position the brand position as innovation, cutting edge technology and high-class design. In marketing plan, Samsung created team of global marketing to develop to assign the identity of products. The design of product is the important part to attractive to consumer to purchase. Samsung present the different of leading of electronic to innovation, high-end and focus on niche market. In addition Sony focus on high-end and niche market according to, the group assessment that show in perceptual map. In growing competition and more require consumer that CEOs facing these day, they have to know how to created more value into products and services because of nowadays, there are many competition, fast innovation and more demanding consumers. (Court et al.,1999) According to, Samsung has developed technology to standing in leading of electronic market; for example, Samsung is the first brand of Thinnest Blue-ray player in 2009, Released the world’s first infrared video phone in 2009. That make Samsung is the No.1 in customer loyalty for 8 years in succession by Brand Keys of the USA Brand Relationship To created more value into Samsung product, the company chosen to communicated in campaign that satisfy with slogan; moreover, Samsung has joined the campaign with the movie call â€Å"The Matrix† to customer perspective in brand image is innovative and high technology. The company chooses the right time and right place to show the way of company. The campaign in advertising, Samsung show the high-end and luxury design to the Television commercial. That makes customers absorb brand image of Samsung and effected to brand value in consumer’s mind. Samsung continue to purchase budget to promote brand in advertising campaign and continue to sponsor in the Olympic Game. Samsung be concentrate in strong of brand image including selecting the distribution channel, to research and developing the products, creating the new technology to be the number one of the electronic world. Customer Perspective After evaluating the brand value, position and image the next step is the customer perspective of Samsung we get this information from different websites. The evidence shows that Samsung attracted lot of customers it creates a very good image in customer’s mind. In most of products and Brand value range confirms that the customer is trustworthy and satisfied with the brand. In eco-friendly blue earth phone are also embedded with solar panel which helps in making .Samsung growing up from 4th to 2th in mobile market share. The design of product of Samsung emphasis to approach the customer insight is very effective. Nowadays mobile phone is not used only for communicating purposes but also use as fashion accessories with latest models and technology. The customers require the mobile phone for self-image which includes design, function and reliable of product. Samsung come to stand in customer’s mind and gain more market share from its main competitor Nokia. (Business Time, 2010) Strengths of Samsung CDMA Handset market Brand Position Product Quality Horizontal Integration Core Competence Distribution Network Conclusion Samsung has created lot of attraction among customers during last year’s and nowadays also by using different marketing strategies. The main goal of CEOs is to drive their brand to worldwide which shows that Samsung have good management of and intention to identify their brand to global whiles improve and develop the products among to premium quality with main competitor is Sony. The marketing strategies help to contribute to be a good brand image such as to sponsor in Olympic game; including, product placement in the movie. Samsung concerned to the environmental and launched the products that are eco-friendly. How to cite Analysis of Samsung Marketing and Brand Strategies, Essay examples

Health and Safety Information

Question: Write an essay on Health and Safety? Answer: Summary Usability in Ergonomics (and workstation design) The migration of computer based Information system (IS) has introduced marked methodological, technological and organizational changes has significant impact on the work methods. Usability is considered the main issue to ergonomic interventions on IS. Usability is defined as the characteristics or quality of product and its rate of effectiveness in satisfying the needs who utilize it (Carayon et al.2015). Moreover, Usability is an ergonomic approach with a group of techniques whose main objective is to create customer-centric products. Despite of the hard life in rural society, there were various turns for workload solicitation. However, the mental load over workers has increased dramatically with the introduction of assembly lines and chain productions (Henning et al.2013).The lack of job-diversity gives rise to static awkward posture of employees which are considered to be the chief causes of work-related disorders. Ergonomics serves a significant tool by designing equipments, workstations and tools that would fit the job or tasks of workers thus balancing the human capabilities with the characteristics of job and optimize their efficiency. Oil and gas is essential for the daily activities in the economy. Ergonomic and Usability integrates human factors into the operation and design of offshore and onshore oil and gas assets in order to ensure effective design of systems that not only optimize human performance but also eliminate threats and risks to health, safety, personal and environmental performance (Joshi, 2012).The introduction of human factors through Ergonometric has made the industries to consider the health and safety of employees by adaption of machines that fits the anatomy, human skills and limitations. Anthropometry in construction Anthropometry is a physical measurement of the human parts and other physical characteristics before designing the workstations such as benches with slight inclination in order to make the sit arrangement of workers comfortable. Anthropometry being an integral aspect of any design field, utilize anthropometry data to design specifically consider the construction of products whose primary users are human (Kogi, 2012). Structural or statistical anthropometry measures the soft tissue, muscle, fat and skin, difference between the joints and tissue, etc. On the other hand, functional or dynamic anthropometry measures the distance created by the body while it is involved in any physical activity. Moreover, Anthropometric data varies according to the characteristics of people residing at various geographical locations. Since the characteristics of people in United States are different from those in China, on the other hand Africans widely differ physically from those living in Europe(Levano n et al.2012).These factors are considered while conducting anthropometric survey and the resulting data is made feasible in the designing of human centric projects. Anthropometry involves dynamic and static measurements of the physical body and includes the following stature of a person such as, headroom clearance, eye height factor, Shoulder height, elbow height. While for the lower part of body, the height of hip, thickness between users thigh and buttock to knee length are the main considerations. These are the important considerations for designers based on which they will built height of work stations, tables, computer desks so that the whole posture of the human body relax in a comfortable position(Magno Pabico, 2014).The anthropometric data collected helps to provide right solution to people using spaces and equipments that do not fit their physical characteristics. Ergonomics in Hand tool design The key objective of Ergonomics in Hand tool design is to reduce the muscle fatigue and severe work-related musculoskeletal disorders thereby increasing the productivity and efficiency of the workers. Ergonomic hand tools reduce the risk of long term injury to construction workers whose job requires a lot of twisting, bending of posture and working in cramped position, handling heavy equipments, repetitive movements, climbing and descending, and exposure to noise and vibration, etc. Implementation of Ergonomics in designing of construction tools feature with rounded and protective shields that reduces the risk of direct injuries, cumulative wear and tear of skin, etc(Mahmud et al.2012)Ergonomic designing in hand tools can be in the form of tool weights, material shape, diameter, vibration, contact stress, length and span. Two specific application examples are design of industrial Knives. It include three axis i.e. Axis 1relates to the design process considering the ergonomic considerations, Axis 2, considers the ergonomic design criteria of the industrial knife, Axis 3- technical studies to improve the mechanical quality of the blade taking into account the users concerns with handle slips in hand(Mohamed et al.2012). Hand drilling- introduction of ergonomic design approach considers the Handle shape, Diameter, length, separation between handles, materials and texture of handles. This is done in order to facilitate better grip to the users of the hand drill. Ergonomic assessment tools As discussed in the previous reports, implementation of Ergonomics reduce the work-related Musculoskeletal disorders such as tendonitis, epicondylitis, low back injuries, cuff injuries, muscle strain, carpel tunnel syndrome, etc. The assessment tools of Ergonomic include NIOSH Lifting Equation (Morag Luria, 2013). This equation is developed to help the health and safety practitioners o identify the ergonomic solutions in order to reduce the physical stress associated with lifting of heavy equipments. NISOH lifting equation is based on the following conditions, such as: lower back injuries for lifting and lowering tasks: performance of task by two hands, more than 8 hours of exposure duration, standing posture of workers while performing the task, and physical fitness of the worker. REBA (Rapid enter body assessment) method is based on the rapid upper body assessment analyzes the posture by measuring articular angles, observation of the force or load, repetitive movement and the frequency of changing positions (Ramesh,2015). REBA method include Score A (representing sum of postures for trunk, legs, and force/load score),whereas B considers the neck and upper arm, wrists, lower arm, and coupling score for each hand. Moreover, REBA score is obtained by adding the scores of A and B to get the activity score. Both REBA and NIOSH lifting Equation is implemented in oil and gas sector as a part of Ergonomics program. NIOSH methods are used for job analysis respective to the type of profession and determine the frequency independent index values and RWL for each tasks (Carayon et al.2015). REBA used in Oil and gas sector, the health and safety practitioners prescribe worksheets to assess tasks which is divided into section A and B as described above. High REBA score indicates high risks and thus call for immediate corrective actions. Occupational biomechanics in Construction Occupational biomechanics deals with any movement and physical activity corresponding the occupational duties and work. This method is used for developing new ideas to remove aches and pains in daily work schedule. Construction workers experience Hand-arm Vibration syndrome, blood circulation illness and loss of hearing due to hand held vibration tools(Henning et al.2013).Moreover health disorders induce when the mechanical workload is greater than the load capacity of the workers musculoskeletal system. Fundamentally the injuries are of two types, one is acute and painful whereas the other is chronic and lingering. The implementation of occupational biomechanics suggest better protective equipments for construction workers i.e. the vibration absorbing gloves that reduces the risk of injuries.MSD gives rise to various risk factors that stems from continuous twisting and bending thereby increasing the risk of acquiring injury at the back (Joshi,2012). MSD can also occur due to unplann ed circumstances like accidents through overstraining the body parts in motion. 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